3. Various ettects
El Niño and La Niña are world’s hot issues which are related with climate changes. They affect the local level of the sea, movements of areas of heavy precipitation, path of cyclones. Also, the effects of El Niño can be seen in marine and aquatic life, in agriculture and in the quality of our water supplies with a lot of economic effects like on fishing industry.
Those conditions can lead to catastrophic effects. For example, El Niño years often result in a shift toward early snowmelt, augmenting early spring flows and depleting late spring and summer flows in snowmelt dependent basins. This limited reservoir storage capacity creates a management challenge for water industry professionals to meet energy (hydropower) requirements, agricultural irrigation needs, and spring and summer flow targets. El Niño events also have adverse effects on freshwater fisheries, river and coastal water quality, wetlands, and municipal and industrial water supplies.